达坂城十七万株古榆树亟待抢救

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“达坂城的石路硬又平啊，西瓜大又甜呀……”这首旋律优美、歌词质朴诙谐的《达坂城的姑娘》，让新疆这座小城名扬天下，享誉海内外。其实，在这座历史悠久的小城，达坂城姑娘和大片沧桑百年的古榆树同样为人们所熟知

“达坂城的石路硬又平啊，西瓜大又甜呀……”这首旋律优美、歌词质朴诙谐的《达坂城的姑娘》，让新疆这座小城名扬天下，享誉海内外。

其实，在这座历史悠久的小城，达坂城姑娘和大片沧桑百年的古榆树同样为人们所熟知。

4月20日，在达坂城区洛宾公园，新疆生产建设兵团十一师建咨园林艺术公司古榆树抢救性保护项目负责人向东介绍说：“这五株古榆树经过我们救治，如今再次抽出新芽、焕发生机。想当初，它们只剩下一根‘筋骨’活着。”

这五株粗大的古榆树，需两人才能合抱，树龄都在百年以上。粗糙的皮肤、累累的伤痕仿佛在诉说着她们曾经的苦难。

故事还要从2004年说起。当时，乌鲁木齐达坂城区几乎所有分布天然榆树林的地方，均开始不同程度地出现成片或单株死亡的现象。

当地人对这些守护一方水土的古榆树感情很深，古榆树的死亡也很快引起达坂城区政府的高度重视，不仅安排林业部门采取措施进行治疗，还多次邀请国内外专家为老榆树的病情会诊，并向市政府提出了“老榆树死亡原因调查立项”申请。

在各级政府的大力支持下，通过现场勘验、树体查看、标本采集，结合达坂城区近年来地理、水文、气候、病虫害等因素变化进行综合分析，得出引发病因的可能有气候变化、地下水位降低、土地贫瘠、有害生物侵入，以及古榆树老化、抵抗力下降等因素。

自此，拯救措施从未间断。达坂城区政府先后对6万多亩古榆树登记造册，发动全区上下防治病虫害，三乡一镇的干部对问题严重的区域分片包干管护，但收效甚微，病情每况愈下。

2017年6月初，新疆生产建设兵团第十一师所属建咨集团园林艺术公司与达坂城区园林（林业）局，就达坂城区古榆树抢救性保护达成试验意向。该企业聘请专家组建团队进行研发，制定诊疗方案，注入资金建立古榆树抢救性保护项目试验基地。两年来，他们抢救了试验基地里642株古榆树，成活率达96%。

在试验基地里，有一株古榆树在被救治前，只剩半张树皮，另一半被虫蛀成了空洞，凭外观已看不出生命气息。专家组通过根部清洗、用药、施营养液等措施，并根据树木长势定期维护，如今这株古榆树已重新焕发生机。

经历了百年沧桑的古榆树，已经与当地的环境、文化、历史融为一体，体现了当地的风土人情，更展示了当地人爱树、护树的深厚情感。救治古榆树，对当地生态环境保护以及经济、社会、旅游、历史文化和遗传学研究等方面具有重要的价值，是不可再生和复制的宝贵资源。

“虽然通过建立项目与企业合作取得了很好的救治效果，但仅达坂城区亟待救治的古榆树就达17万株。救治不仅需要巨额资金，还需要技术和人才支持。”当地业内人士说，“古树名木是活的文物，是历史的见证、国家的财富。我们期望有更多资金投入，让古榆树早日‘康复’，使其在岁月积淀中焕发新的生命力，为子孙后代留下绿水青山。”

标签: 达坂七万株古榆树亟待抢救