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drop,truncate与delete的区别 - 站长搜索
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drop,truncate与delete的区别

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2022-09-23 16:54:06 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

注意:这里说的delete是指不带where子句的delete语句相同点truncate和不带where子句的delete,以及drop都会删除表内的数据不同点:1.truncate和delete只删除数据不删除表的结构(定义)drop语句将删除表的结构被依赖的约束(constrain),触发器(trigger),索引(index);依赖于该表的存储过程/函数将保留,但是变为invalid状态.2.delete语句是dml,这个操作会放到rollbacksegement中,事务提交之后才生效;如果有相应的trigger,执行的时候将被触发.truncate,drop是ddl,操作立即生效,原数据不放到rollbacksegment中,不能回滚.操作不触发trigger.3.delete语句不影响表所占用的extent,高水线(highwatermark)保持原位置不动显然drop语句将表所占用的空间全部释放truncate语句缺省情况下将空间释放到minextents个extent,除非使用reusestorage;truncate会将高水线复位(回到最开始).4.速度,一般来说:dr

注意:这里说的delete是指不带where子句的delete语句
相同点
truncate和不带where子句的delete, 以及drop都会删除表内的数据

不同点:
1. truncate和 delete只删除数据不删除表的结构(定义)
drop语句将删除表的结构被依赖的约束(constrain),触发器(trigger),索引(index); 依赖于该表的存储过程/函数将保留,但是变为invalid状态.
2.delete语句是dml,这个操作会放到rollback segement中,事务提交之后才生效;如果有相应的trigger,执行的时候将被触发.
truncate,drop是ddl, 操作立即生效,原数据不放到rollback segment中,不能回滚. 操作不触发trigger.
3.delete语句不影响表所占用的extent, 高水线(high watermark)保持原位置不动
显然drop语句将表所占用的空间全部释放
truncate 语句缺省情况下将空间释放到 minextents个 extent,除非使用reuse storage; truncate会将高水线复位(回到最开始).
4.速度,一般来说: drop>; truncate >; delete
5.安全性:小心使用drop 和truncate,尤其没有备份的时候.否则哭都来不及
使用上,想删除部分数据行用delete,注意带上where子句. 回滚段要足够大.
想删除表,当然用drop
想保留表而将所有数据删除. 如果和事务无关,用truncate即可. 如果和事务有关,或者想触发trigger,还是用delete.
如果是整理表内部的碎片,可以用truncate跟上reuse stroage,再重新导入/插入数据

通俗的讲:

在实际应用中,三者的区别是明确的。
当你不再需要该表时, 用 drop;
当你仍要保留该表,但要删除所有记录时, 用 truncate;
当你要删除部分记录时(always with a WHERE clause), 用 delete.

标签: drop truncate delete 区别


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