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这种生物真的可以长生不老?! - 站长搜索
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这种生物真的可以长生不老?!

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2015-12-28 23:34:50 转载来源: 网络整理/侵权必删

年轻之泉、点金石和圣杯都被视作可以赐予人永恒生命的事物。但研究者们发现,一群微生物也有同样的永生能力,那就是水螅

年轻之泉、点金石和圣杯都被视作可以赐予人永恒生命的事物。但研究者们发现,一群微生物也有同样的永生能力,那就是水螅。

科学家们最近在实验室里观察了数千条水螅,发现它们能躲过衰老的魔咒。

水螅身长0.4英寸(1.016厘米),属于无脊椎动物,主要是干细胞(stem cell)构成,研究者认为正是干细胞能够帮助水螅长久地活下去。

这种生物真的可以长生不老?!

“水螅的身体主要是干细胞以及非常少的完全分化细胞(fully differentiated cell)组成,”美国波莫纳学院生物学家丹尼尔・马蒂尼泽(Daniel Martinez)称。

“干细胞可以持续分化,所以水螅的身体就可以持续更新,”她在12月初发布的一份声明中称,“其触须和足部的分化细胞不断被躯体的新细胞代替。”

1998年,波莫纳学院的研究者曾透过显微镜对这些生物观察了四年但并没有看到老化的迹象。

为了确定水螅这些年老化了多少,这个团队通过考察水螅的死亡增长率和生育率的下滑幅度测量了水螅的衰老状况。

四年过去了,研究者们还是不能明确下结论称水螅的生育率随着年龄下降了,这意味着这些生物并没有衰老。

“当我作为研究生开始这些实验的时候,当时奉行的理论是没有动物可以避免衰老,所有动物都应该衰老”,马蒂尼泽解释说。

“当我开始自己的研究时,我希望证明的是水螅不可能避免衰老,但在四年的观察中基本没察觉到死亡现象,我相信水螅不会衰老并于1998年发表了我的论文。”

这种生物真的可以长生不老?!

最近,马蒂尼泽发表了另一项研究,旨在重复上一次的实验,但是这次的实验规模更大。

这项最新的研究在波莫纳学院的实验室中进行了八年,是上次实验的两倍时长。

在实验室中,研究者们观察了2256只水螅,并为它们再现了一个舒适的小环境,每周三次提供给它们新鲜水源并且用新鲜的海虾喂养它们。

“我的确相信只要环境适当,每一个水螅都可以永生不息”,马蒂尼泽解释道,“当然,永生不息的概率很低,因为水螅也会面临一些常见的威胁,比如捕猎、感染和疾病等。”

“我最开始的研究是为了证明水螅也躲不开衰老……(然而),我自己收集的数据已经证明了我的猜想是错误的。而且还证明了两次。”

在研究的最后,马蒂尼泽发现所有样本的死亡率一直都保持在某一个很低的水平上:每年每167只水螅中有1只会死去,而且无论年龄和生育情况如何,80%的样本的死亡率保持在稳定状态。

样本中另外20%的水螅情况多少有所不同,研究人员认为这是因为它们处于捏造而非真实的环境下。

在第一次的研究中,马蒂尼泽称关于水螅的生育率出现了很多“噪音”因素;而最新研究提供了更强的证据,表明这些迷你的生物是可以永生的,因为它们没有死亡的迹象并且八年来维持了稳定的生育率。

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